纸浆的分类
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一、纸浆按原料进行分类可分为:
木浆、草浆、苇浆、棉浆、竹浆、麻浆、废纸浆。
二、按制浆方法进行分类：
纸浆的特性是由加工工艺决定的，有以下几种：
（1）机械浆（Mechanical pulp,groundwood）
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传统的是石磨浆，用机械碾磨力获得木纤维。机械浆主要有机械浆，精制机械浆，和热磨机械浆。机械浆纤维短，分帚度高，易于形成致密的表面，但破裂强度低，挺度差，由于含有大量的木质素，所以白度较低。但得率高。主要是用制作新闻纸等短期印刷品。
（2）化学浆（Chemical pulp）
化学浆是用化学法将纤维与木质素分开获得纤维。化学浆分苏打浆，亚硫酸盐浆和硫酸盐浆。化学浆的纤维长，挺度好，破裂强度高，耐久。漂白化学浆主要用于高级印刷纸、复印纸、电脑纸、胶版纸、封皮纸、书写纸和纸袋纸等。未漂白化学浆用于高强工业用纸如牛皮纸、纸袋纸等。
（3）半化学浆（Semichemical pulp）
半化学浆是结合机械和化学法制浆。分中性半化学浆，冷苏打浆和化学机械浆。半化学浆一般用于包装用纸。
现在通常所用的多是漂白化学热磨机械浆（BCTMP），这种浆具有机械浆及化学浆的优点。
三.典型纸浆技术指标
(1)桉木漂白硫酸盐浆典型指标
| 纸浆特性 |
| 白度(% ISO 2469 ) |
≥89 |
| 粘度(cm3/g TAPPI 230) |
≥650 |
| 尘埃(mm2/m2 TAPPI 213) |
≤2.0 |
|
| 生产控制值 |
| 空干率(% TAPPI 412) |
90 |
| 苯醇抽出物(% TAPPI 204) |
＜0.25 |
| 酸碱值(PH ISO 6588) |
＞4.5 |
| 灰分(% ISO 1762) |
＜0.3 |
|
| 纤维特性 |
| 平均纤维长度(mm) |
0.5 |
| 平均纤维直径(μm) |
22 |
| 平均纤维壁厚度(μm) |
5 |
| 细小纤维含量(% Kajaani) |
＜3 |
| 纤维粗度(mg/100m) |
＜5.0 |
|
| 典型打浆曲线值-PFI盘磨（ISO5264/2） |
| 转数(RPM) |
0 |
500 |
1500 |
3000 |
| 肖氏打浆度(oSR ISO 5257) |
19/22 |
23/25 |
26/31 |
37/42 |
| 抗张指数(Nm/g ISO 2757) |
21/2 |
39/43 |
58/62 |
70/75 |
| 撕裂指数(mNm2/g ISO 294) |
3.7/4.6 |
6.5/8.0 |
9.0/10.1 |
10.1/11 |
| 耐破指数(kPam2/g ISO 1974) |
1.0/1.2 |
2.0/2.3 |
3.0/3.7 |
4.1/4.5 |
| 松厚度(g/cm3 ISO 534) |
0.48/0.51 |
0.55/0.58 |
0.62/0.65 |
0.88/0.71 |
| 透气度(sec/100ml air TAPPI 7460) |
1.0/1.2 |
2.0/2.5 |
4.4/6.0 |
15/20 |
| 不透明度(% ISO 2471) |
80/81 |
78/79 |
75/75 |
72/74 |
基于相对湿度50％及室温20℃下测试 |
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(2)杨木BCTMP漂白化学热磨机械浆典型指标
| Aspen & Softwood
APP/BCTMP for Multi-Ply Boards |
| GRADE |
|
400/70/00 |
375/75/00 |
400/73/100 |
400/80/100 |
| Freeness |
(CSF, ml) |
400 |
375 |
400 |
400 |
| Slowness |
(SR, ml) |
32 |
34 |
32 |
32 |
| Brightness |
(%ISO) |
70 |
75 |
73 |
80 |
| Bulk |
(cm³/g) |
3.30 |
3.00 |
2.95 |
2.90 |
| Tensile |
(m) |
3100 |
3800 |
1450 |
1550 |
| Debris |
(%,6 cut
Pulmac) |
0.09 |
0.08 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
| COD |
kg/t |
7 |
8 |
6 |
6 |
| Furnish |
|
100%SWD |
100%SWD |
100% Aspen |
100%Aspen |
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Aspen & Softwood
APP/BCTMP for Tissue and Towel |
| GRADE |
|
400/83/100 |
450/83/100 |
525/78/00 |
600/77/00 |
| Freeness |
(CSF, ml) |
400 |
450 |
525 |
630 |
| Slowness |
(SR,ml) |
32 |
29 |
24 |
19 |
| Brightness |
(%,ISO) |
83 |
83 |
78 |
77 |
| Bulk |
(cm³/g) |
2.20 |
1.90 |
3.10 |
3.30 |
| Tensile |
(m) |
3200 |
4200 |
3500 |
3100 |
| Debris |
(% 4 cut Pulmac)
(% 6 cut Pulmac) |
0.30
N/A |
0.30
N/A |
N/A
0.080 |
N/A
0.100 |
| COD |
|
9 |
13 |
7 |
5 |
| Furnish |
|
100% Aspen |
100% Aspen |
100%SWD |
100%SWD |
|
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Blended
APP/BCTMP for Printing & Writing Papers |
| GRADE |
|
110/65/75 |
110/70/75 |
130/75/85 |
| Freeness |
(CSF, ml) |
110 |
110 |
130 |
| Slowness |
(SR, ml) |
66 |
66 |
62 |
| Brightness |
(% ISO) |
65 |
70 |
75 |
| Opacity |
(%) |
87 |
89 |
92 |
| Scatter
Coef |
(m²/kg) |
63 |
61 |
59 |
| Bulk |
(cm³/g) |
2.40 |
2.40 |
2.35 |
| Tensile |
(m) |
3100 |
3200 |
3200 |
| Debris |
(%, 4 cut
Pulmac) |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
| COD |
|
6 |
7 |
8 |
| Furnish |
|
75%
Aspen
25%
SWD |
75%
Aspen
25%
SWD |
85%
Aspen
15%
SWD |
|
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Aspen
APP/BCTMP for High Bulk Aspen |
| GRADE |
|
250/85/100
HB |
325/85/100
HB |
450/85/100
HB |
| Freeness |
(CSF,
ml) |
285 |
325 |
450 |
| Slowness |
(SR,
ml) |
42 |
38 |
28 |
| Brightness |
(%
ISO) |
85 |
85 |
85 |
| Opacity |
(%) |
80 |
79 |
75 |
| Bulk |
(cm³/g) |
2.30 |
2.35 |
2.00 |
| Tensile |
(m) |
3000 |
3000 |
3500 |
| Debris |
(%,
4 cut Pulmac) |
0.150 |
0.150 |
0.250 |
| COD |
|
8 |
8 |
8 |
| Furnish |
|
100%
Aspen |
100%
Aspen |
100%
Aspen |
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Aspen
APP/BCTMP for High Tensile |
| GRADE |
|
325/85/100
HT |
400/85/100
HT |
450/85/100
HT |
| Freeness |
(CSF, ml) |
325 |
400 |
450 |
| Slowness |
(SR, ml) |
38 |
32 |
28 |
| Brightness |
(% ISO) |
85 |
85 |
85 |
| Opacity |
(%) |
73 |
71 |
71 |
| Bulk |
(cm³/g) |
1.80 |
1.75 |
1.75 |
| Tensile |
(m) |
4600 |
5000 |
5000 |
| Debris |
(%, 4 cut
Pulmac) |
0.150 |
0.200 |
0.250 |
| COD |
|
12 |
12 |
12 |
| Furnish |
|
100% Aspen |
100% Aspen |
100% Aspen |
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Aspen
APP/BCTMP for Medium Range Bulk |
| GRADE |
|
250/85/100
MRB |
325/85/100
MRB |
450/85/100
MRB |
| Freeness |
(CSF,
ml) |
285 |
325 |
450 |
| Slowness |
(SR,
ml) |
42 |
38 |
28 |
| Brightness |
(%
ISO) |
85 |
85 |
85 |
| Opacity |
(%) |
76 |
75 |
72 |
| Bulk |
(cm³/g) |
1.95 |
1.95 |
1.80 |
| Tensile |
(m) |
4000 |
4000 |
4000 |
| Debris |
(%,
4 cut Pulmac) |
0.150 |
0.150 |
0.250 |
| COD |
|
10 |
10 |
10 |
| Furnish |
|
100%
Aspen |
100%
Aspen |
100%
Aspen |
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Aspen
APP/BCTMP for Very High Bulk |
| GRADE |
|
250/85/100
VHB |
325/85/100
VHB |
| Freeness |
(CSF, ml) |
285 |
325 |
| Slowness |
(SR, ml) |
42 |
38 |
| Brightness |
(% ISO) |
85 |
85 |
| Opacity |
(%) |
80 |
79 |
| Bulk |
(cm³/g) |
2.45 |
2.50 |
| Tensile |
(m) |
2600 |
2600 |
| Debris |
(%, 4 cut
Pulmac) |
0.150 |
0.150 |
| COD |
|
8 |
8 |
| Furnish |
|
100% Aspen |
100% Aspen |
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